Background: The availability of two effective vaccines against poliomyelitis for the past five decades has ensured a remarkable decline in the global burden of diseases. They were developed in the USA during 1950, first the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by Jona Salk and later the live oral polio vaccine (OPV) by Albert Sabin. The global polio eradication initiative was launched in 1988 using oral polio vaccine as the eradication tool and employing a foot pronged strategy comprising high routine immunization coverage, supplementary nutrition, pulse immunization, AFP surveillance and Mop-up immunization. Age Group: Affects child under 5 years Transmission: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV): Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV): OPV vs IPV: OPVGood IgA response (Mucosal immunity) Lower humoral response IPVLow IgA responseStrong humoral response(IgG) What is Mucosal Immunity? It refers to the resistance to mucosal infection by wild poliovirus due to prior infection with WPV. Mucosal immunity decreases the replication and excretion of the virus and thus provides a potential barrier to its transmission. What is Humoral Immunity? It refers to IgG antibodies which have an inhibitory influence on local infection. Herd effect with Polio Vaccines: Herd effect means the phenomenon of immunized individuals affecting the epidemiology of infection in the unimmunized segment of the population. Recommendation for combined use of OPV and IPV: Doses and Schedule: Catch-up Vaccination: IPV may be preferred as catch-up vaccination for children less than 5 years of age who have completed primary immunization with OPV. IPV can be given two doses at 2 months interval. Immunodeficient Children …

May 1, 2023
Polio Vaccination
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